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Multiple pathophysiology were identified, including inner ear pathology, auditory nerve synchronisation, central nervous system anomalies and limbic and autonomous nervous system problems. The papers searched recent studies from 2004 to 2018 for different etiologies such as noise exposure, age, ototoxic drugs, hearing loss among patients with tinnitus. Results: Sixty seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Randomized controlled trials, case control study, prospective cohort studies, and retrospective reviews of consecutive patients in which clear data were reported with respect to etiology and pathophysiology of tinnitus.
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In addition, manual reference search of identified papers. Methods: Review of data base using PRISMA guidelines: Google Scholar, Medline, Springer Link, Pubmed. Study Design: Systematic literature review. Objectives: To determine the evidence for different etiologies and pathophysiology of tinnitus identified by clinical diagnostic tests in the adult population. Introduction: Prevalence of tinnitus range from 7.1% to 14.6% (National Center for Health Statistics, 2016), but the mechanisms responsible for the development of this abnormal sensory state remain poorly understood.